Beyond Borders

Strangulation is a form of asphyxiation that occurs when the neck is compressed or twisted tightly enough to prevent air and blood from flowing properly to the brain and lungs. Even a brief period of oxygen deprivation can lead to serious brain damage or death. In this article, we'll explore the different types of strangulation and their associated signs and symptoms. Hanging Hanging is a type of strangulation that occurs when a person's body is suspended by a ligature that encircles the neck, with the weight of the body acting as the restricting force. The most definitive indication of death by hanging is the ligature mark on the neck. This is an impression of a loop on the skin of the neck that creates a groove in the underlying tissues. The mark is typically oblique and is found between the chin and larynx. In partial hanging cases, a horizontal ligature mark may be observed when the body leans forward. One high-profile case of hanging that made headlines in Sri Lanka was th

Suffocation is a frightening and deadly experience that can happen in various ways. When the body is deprived of oxygen due to a shortage of oxygen in the surrounding environment or a blockage of the upper airway, it can quickly lead to unconsciousness, brain damage, and death. In this article, we'll explore the different types of suffocation and how they occur, from smothering to toxic gas exposure. Smothering Smothering happens when something heavy such as a pillow, blanket, or plastic bag covers the face or chest and prevents the person from breathing. This type of suffocation is often intentional and can result from domestic violence, child abuse, or homicide. It can also be accidental, such as when a baby rolls over and gets trapped in a soft bedding material. Overlying Overlaying, also known as suffocation of the child by overlying their mother during sleep, is most common in infants and young children. It can also occur when a mother presses the child to the breast when feed

Asphyxia deaths are a result of lack of oxygen reaching the brain due to various reasons. While some of these deaths may be accidental, others may be intentional and caused by people who intend to harm others. In this article, we will discuss some of the different types of asphyxia deaths and what causes them. Postural Asphyxia Postural asphyxia, also known as positional asphyxia, occurs when a person's body posture obstructs their airway, leading to hypoxia. This type of asphyxia is mostly accidental and can happen when someone is in a position that blocks their mouth or nose, or their chest cannot fully expand. This type of asphyxia can happen during sleep, while being restrained, or when under the influence of drugs. Traumatic Asphyxia Traumatic asphyxia occurs when a person's respiratory movements are prevented due to mechanical fixation of their chest. This can happen during stampedes, mining accidents, or tunneling accidents, where people are crushed and unable to move th

Crime scene investigation is a crucial part of any criminal investigation. It is the process of collecting and analyzing physical evidence found at the scene of a crime to determine what happened and who was involved.  In any criminal investigation, the crime scene plays a crucial role in uncovering important evidence that may lead to the identification of a suspect and the eventual conviction of a perpetrator. A crime scene can refer to any physical location that may provide potential evidence to investigators, such as a person's body, a building, a vehicle, or objects found at those locations. There are two main types of crime scenes: primary and secondary. The primary crime scene is the site of the actual criminal action. In a murder investigation, for example, the primary crime scene would be the location where the murder took place and the victim's life was taken. The secondary crime scene is any additional crime scene apart from the primary scene. It may include the locat