Strangulation: A Comprehensive Guide

Strangulation is a form of asphyxiation that occurs when the neck is compressed or twisted tightly enough to prevent air and blood from flowing properly to the brain and lungs. Even a brief period of oxygen deprivation can lead to serious brain damage or death. In this article, we'll explore the different types of strangulation and their associated signs and symptoms.

• Hanging

Hanging is a type of strangulation that occurs when a person's body is suspended by a ligature that encircles the neck, with the weight of the body acting as the restricting force. The most definitive indication of death by hanging is the ligature mark on the neck. This is an impression of a loop on the skin of the neck that creates a groove in the underlying tissues. The mark is typically oblique and is found between the chin and larynx. In partial hanging cases, a horizontal ligature mark may be observed when the body leans forward.

One high-profile case of hanging that made headlines in Sri Lanka was the suicide of Dasun Madushan. His death was confirmed by the presence of a ligature mark on his neck.

• Manual Strangulation

Manual strangulation is another form of strangulation that occurs when the neck is compressed by human hands. In this case, bruises are produced by the tips or pads of the fingers, creating oval or round shapes that are the size of the digits. Continued bleeding into the contused area may increase the size of the bruises. If the fingertips are pushed deeply, the pressure of the nails on the skin can produce crescentic markings. However, in some cases, bruising may not be visible if a soft substance is placed between the hand and the neck. Strangulation marks are often associated with struggle marks.

• Ligature Strangulation

Ligature strangulation occurs when a cord, rope, or other object is used to press on the airway, blocking air from reaching the lungs. In this case, the ligature mark is typically located at or below the level of the thyroid cartilage and fully encircles the neck. The mark is usually horizontal and can be absent in areas where clothing or long hair is present between the ligature and the skin. The nature of the ligature used, the number of twists around the neck, and the amount of time it is worn can all affect the character of the mark. Investigators should also look for blood, hair, or other substances on the ligature.

Two high-profile cases of ligature strangulation in Sri Lanka are the Royal Park Murder and the murder of Seya Sadewmi.

Conclusion

Strangulation is a severe form of asphyxiation that can lead to serious brain damage or death. Knowing the signs and symptoms associated with different types of strangulation can help investigators determine the cause of death and bring those responsible to justice. If you suspect that someone you know has been strangled, seek medical attention immediately.