People use drugs for several diseases and disorders, which often occurs within the body. That means, all the chronic diseases, mental illness, sexually transmitted diseases, sudden accidents are all affect to the human body and drugs are used to cure those effects. But in drug abuse, there are various causes such as poverty, unemployment, lack of education, peer pressure, lack opportunity, association, like many other social, environmental, legal, educational, political like factors.
Crime has been a prevalent issue in society for centuries, and people have been trying to understand its causes and how to prevent it. One of the most controversial and disputed theories regarding the origins of crime is the Positivist Theory. As we enter the modern age, we come across more positivists who have analyzed crime from an anthropological point of view following in the footsteps of Lombroso in 1876 such as Kretschmer in 1925, and Hooten in 1939 and William H. Sheldon (1898–1977). Ernst Kretschmer, a German psychiatrist, attempted to link body types with personality characteristics and mental illness. He proposed four body types: Pyknik, Asthenic, Athletic, and Dysplastic. Pyknik types are short and heavily built with a social and cheerful temperament but are prone to manic-depressive psychopathology. Asthenic types are tall and thin with underdeveloped muscles, irritable, and lost in fantasy, with a schizoid temperament. Athletic types are muscular, with a well-built body bu...
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